Late 16th Century / Wars of Religion / The Elizabethans (1560 to 1610).Early 16th Century Landsknechts / Swiss and Knights.Late Medieval / Wars of the Roses / 15th Century.Early Medieval / Barons Wars / 13th Century.Original Vikings, Normans and Anglo Saxons.Vikings: Warriors, Berserkers, Valkyries, Shieldmaidens, Champions, Thor, Odin, SAGA!.How closely arrayed were hoplites? If shoving, how did battles last hours? Western armies do not display unbroken commitment to decisive battle from Greeks to us Replacments? Perhaps to maintain order on advance Perhaps to present obstacle to penetration and Mechanics are difficult Is it necessarily a mass shove? No ancient writer says soĭepth of phalanx does not require mass othismos This tradition continues, from Greeks to usįormulaic battle narratives may reflect formulaic literary depictions Seeks out enemy for head-on, stand-up fightĮschews "eastern" habits of ambush, ruse, deception, missile warfare, winning without a fightīattles often arranged, agreed upon Brings maximum force to bear to end war ASAP Next step: Greeks invented a "Western Way of War," unique to the west This "pure" form dominant in Archaic era diluted in 5th and 4th century BCĪ "Rapid Adoptionist" hoplites in place by 675 BC Winning phalanx literally shoves opponents off the Sees phalanx clash as an orchestrated mass shoving match (othismos) Ties battle to the wider Greek circumstances, particularly male agonĬitizen-farmer militia of polis want war over ASAP war to be short, decisive Only hoplites take part in phalanx battleĪrchers, slingers, cavalry, light-armed are superfluous, even absent Sees hoplite battle as a highly ritualized affairīattle narratives have standard form This taken to reflect standard form of battles And you also, light-armed, crouch on either hand beneath the shield and fling your great hurlstones and throw against them your smooth javelins, in your place beside the men of heavier armament. Yes, let each man close to the foe, and with his own long spear, or else with his sword, wound and take an enemy, and setting foot beside foot, resting shield to shield, crest to crest, helmet to helmet, fight his man breast to breast with sword or long spear in hand.
SPIKED HOPLITE SHIELD HOW TO
T him brandish the heavy spear in his right hand, let him wave the dire crest upon his head let him learn how to fight by doing doughty deeds, and not stand shield in hand beyond the missiles. So let each man bite his lip and abide firmly set astride upon the ground, covering with the belly of his broad shield thighs and legs below and breast and shoulders above For pleasant it is in dreadful war to pierce the midriff of a fleeing man, and disgraced is the dead that lies in the dust with a spear-point in his back. Those who abiding shoulder to shoulder go with a will into the melée and the van, of these are fewer killed, these save the people behind as for them that turn to fear, all their valor is lost. You have tasted both the fleeing and the pursuing lads, and had more than your fill of either.
Fear you not a mass of men, nor flinch, but let every man hold his shield straight towards the fore. So let each stand his ground firmly with his feet well set apart and bite his lip. It's a disgrace for an old man to fall fighting in the van and lie there in front of the young men, his hair white and his beard gray, breathing out his brave soul in the dust and holding his bloody genitals in his hands. Do not restrain yourselves in fighting the enemy or flee and abandon those from whom age has stolen agility. Young men fight shoulder to shoulder and do not begin shameful flight or be afraid.
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